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Dua Hari Jelang Lebaran, Asteroid Berukuran Hampir 1.500 Meter Terpantau Meluncur Mendekati Bumi, Benarkah Berbahaya?

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Hari Raya Lebaran tinggal menghitung hari.


Namun demikian, sepertinya ada yang perlu diwaspadai.


Dua hari menjelang lebaran, tepatnya 22 Mei 2020, sebuah asteroid berukuran 650-1.500 meter persegi terpantau meluncur mendekati Bumi.

Peneliti Pusat Sains Antariksa (Pusainsa) Lembaga Antariksa dan Penerbangan Nasional (Lapan) Emmanuel Sungging Mumpuni membenarkan keberadaan asteroid itu.

"Ada beberapa laporan asteroid papas dekat Bumi yang kami laporkan di web kami," ujar Sungging kepada Kompas.com, Rabu (20/5/2020).

Mengutip Pusainsa, Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat (NASA) melaporkan, asteroid dengan nama 1997 BQ atau 13679 akan mendekat ke Bumi pada 21 Mei 2020 pukul 21.44 UTC.

Bila dikonversi ke waktu di Tanah Air, asteroid itu akan mendekat pada 22 Mei 2020 pukul 04.44 WIB, bertepatan dengan 28 Ramadhan 1441 H, pada jarak 6,16 juta kilometer.

Asteroid yang dikategorikan sebagai asteroid Apollo ini memiliki kecepatan relatif 11,68 kilometer per detik ketika mendekati Bumi.

Asteroid Apollo merupakan asteroid dengan sumbu setengah panjang lebih besar dari orbit Bumi, tetapi jarak perhelionnya lebih kecil dari aphelion Bumi.

Asteroit 1997 BQ memiliki sumbu setengah panjang sebesar 261 juta kilometer dengan kelonjongan orbit sebesar 0,479.

Apakah berbahaya?

NASA menyebutkan, asteroid ini tergolong ke dalam kelompok Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) atau memiliki potensi bahaya dengan kelas spektral S (siliceous) yang didominasi kandungan kimia silika berbatu.

Kelompok asteroid ini bisa menjadi bahaya dan mengancam penduduk Bumi jika berada di jarak sangat dekat.

Menyimpan potensi bahaya lantaran asteroid ini memiliki jarak perpotongan orbit minimun (MOID) yang lebih kecil dari 7,5 juta kilometer, dan magnitudo absolut lebih kecil dari +22.

Melansir situs Pusat Sains Lapan, asteroid ini disebutkan 10 kali lebih terang dibandingkan dengan Asteroid 2009 XO yang bermagnitudo +20,5.

Orbit asteroid 1997 BQ memiliki jarak perpotongan orbit minimum (minimum orbit intersection distance, MOID) sebesar 0,035826 SA atau 5,36 kilometer terhadap orbit Bumi.

"Karena nilai MOID lebih kecil dari 0,05 SA atau 7,5 juta kilometer, dan juga magnitudo absolutnya lebih kecil daripada +22, sehingga objek ini bisa dikategorikan sebagai objek berpotensi bahaya (Potentially Hazardous Object, PHO)," tulis Lapan.

Mengutip Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) NASA, tarikan gravitasi planet dapat mengubah lintansan orbit sebuah asteroid, baik asteroid sesatan (stray asteroid) maupun pecahan dari tabrakan asteroid sebelumnya yang diyakini telah menabrak Bumi di masa silam.

Sedangkan jatuhnya asteroid seperti yang akan terjadi besok, Planetary Defense Coordination Office NASA menyatakan, sebagai proses alami yang terjadi terus menerus.

Bahkan, setiap harinya material seberat 80 hingga 100 ton asteroid jatuh ke Bumi dari luar angkasa dalam bentuk debu dan meteorit kecil.

600 asteroid dalam 20 tahun

Setidaknya dalam 20 tahun terakhir, sensor radar pemerintah AS telah mendeteksi hampir 600 asteroid berukuran sangat kecil (beberapa meter saja) yang memasuki atmosfer Bumi, sehingga menciptakan bolide atau fireball.

Para ahli memperkirakan, benda langit jatuh alami yang lebih besar sangat jarang terjadi, bisa dibilang terjadi sekali dalam skala waktu ratusan hingga ribuan tahun.

Namun, mengingat ketidaklengkapan katalog objek dekat Bumi saat ini, benda jatuh alami seperti meteorit Chelyabinsk dapat terjadi kapan saja. (Kompas.com/Luthfia Ayu Azanella)

Artikel ini telah tayang di Kompas.com dengan judul "Sebuah Asteroid Terpantau Mendekati Bumi Jelang Lebaran, Ini Penjelasan Lapan"
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